The basic cause of acne is still unknown. It seems to be a multifactorial disease in which interaction of several factors play an important part in the pathogenesis. The primary event may be (a) obstruction of the sebaceous duct due to alteration in the pattern of keratinization within the follicle, (b) abnormal sebum production with excess quantities or altered composition or (c) increased bacterial colonization (proprionibacterium acnes and staphylococcus epidermi¬dis of pilosebaceous follicles which furnish the lipases responsible for hydrolysis of sebum triglycerides into free fatty acids. All three mechanisms may be involved. Obstruction of duct leads to forma¬tion of a comedone, the initial lesion of acne. A comedone can be located either in a closed follicle as a 'white head' consisting of lipid and keratin, or in an open follicle as 'black head' consisting of keratin and lipid with melanin deposition. The continual accumula¬tion of keratin and lipid may lead to rupture of the follicular wall and release of its contents into the surrounding dermis provoking an inflammatory tissue reaction.
Acne is a very common problem faced by our society today, it starts showing during our early years and it lasts all the way into adulthood, this means that this skin problem is not exclusively seen in teenagers but in adults as well. There are many factors attributed to be the causes of acne however they haven't been 100% proven, the factor that provides the right conditions for acne flair ups to occur is a change in hormonal activity. During puberty it is very common for hormones to go wild and cause all sorts of changes in our body, including the undesirable acne. In adults the same principle holds true but this problem is mostly seen in women who are going through their period, those who use a certain brand of cosmetics or those taking birth control pills.
Blackheads are the first stage of acne. Blackheads form in pores that are partially blocked. Theyare small "plugs" that develop in the pores of the skin. Blackheads are made by a build up of oil in the skin and this clogs up the pores and makes a zit, or blackhead.
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